Mucormycosis is a fatal, opportunistic deep fungal infection caused by genera Rhizopus, and compromised systemic health of the patient predisposes to this condition. Rhino maxillary or rhino nasal form of mucormycosis begins after the inhalation of fungal spores and invasion into the nasal mucosa, and spreads to the paranasal sinuses. This infection can also extend into orbits and intracranium causing fatal rhino orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Hence early intervention is very significant in terms of prognosis. The aim of current paper is to report a case of rhinomaxillary mucormycosis involving palate, nasal and maxillary sinus in an uncontrolled diabetic patient following tooth extraction highlighting the etiopathogenesis, spread of this infection and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) features.

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Background: Identification of the skeletal remains is of paramount importance in forensic dentistry and medico-legal investigations. Mandible may play a vital role in sex determination, as it is the most dimorphic bone of skull, which is often recovered intact. Mandibular ramus and gonial angle can be used to differentiate between sexes and age estimation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of digital panoramic radiographs to determine sex and age using linear measurements made with respect to gonial angle and ramus region in the population of north Indians. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients (North Indians: Males and females in equal number) were further divided into age groups 10-40 years. The linear measurements were made in ramus and gonial angle region, which were calculated by using Adobe Acrobat Reader, and findings were statistically analyzed. Results: Males showed a higher average value in terms of ramus breadth, condylar and coronoid ramus height than females. In addition, a significant positive correlation was seen between age and ramus linear measurements. Males have higher gonial angle than females and with increase in age, gonial angle decreases. In relation to gonial angle, females showed a higher gonial angle. “In addition, as age increases, decrease in gonial angle was found.”. Conclusion: In selected north Indian populace, mandibular ramus showed higher sexual dimorphism in relation with age and sex estimation. However, gonial angle can only be used as an additional tool to establish the identity of a person.

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Oral Medicine and Radiology (OMR) branch is an important bridge between Dentistry and Medicine and it must not be regarded largely as an institutional specialty. The vitality of the specialty can be advanced through establishment of an independent Private practice (PP) option as is found in all other clinical dental specialities. The option of PP might create broader appeal for entry into specialty and moreover, the patients also can avail the expertise of Oral physician more easily. Therefore, together we need to develop a global strategy to promote the clinical practice of Oral Medicine among patients and all other healthcare professionals to increase awareness of the speciality.

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Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medication. MRONJ is considered when a patient has exposed bone in the jaw for more than 8 weeks and has a history of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medication with a negative history of radiotherapy. Antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medication do not independently cause necrosis of bone. Various systemic and local risk factors like dentoalveolar trauma and extraction play an important role in the development of MRONJ. MRONJ can be prevented by proper dental evaluation and by performing the required treatment before commencing antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medication.

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Scleroderma is a rare connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized by fibrosis of skin, blood vessels, and internal organs. Orofacial changes include mask-like facies, microstomia, xerostomia, and stiffness of tongue with reduced mouth opening. The radiographic features are very characteristic which includes symmetrical widening of periodontal ligament space and bone resorption. We, hereby present a case of 55-year-old female patient of Scleroderma presenting with a typical radiographic feature of “Tail of the whale” appearance due to resorption of the ramus of mandible.

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Introduction: Dental implant is the most preferable option for the replacement of missing teeth because of its advantage of maintaining the structural and functional integrity of bone, like that of a natural tooth. Aim and Objectives of the Study: Aim of this study is to evaluate the depth of submandibular gland fossa and its relationship with the mandibular canal, based on gender and side of the mandible. Materials and Methods: 100 CBCT scans of both males and females were acquired. The deepest region of submandibular gland fossa and the superior, parallel, and the inferior relationship of the mandibular canal to submandibular gland fossae were obtained. Results: The mean ± SD of the depth of the submandibular gland fossa on the right side in males and females were 1.69 ± 0.73 mm and 1.62 ± 0.58mm, respectively, and those on the left were 1.69 ± 0.61 mm and 1.56 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. The deepest region in both the genders was above the infra-alveolar canal. Conclusion: Males showed greater depths when compared to females, Right side of the mandible showed greater depth when compared to the left side in both genders. Therefore, careful evaluation of alveolar bone thickness during implant placements is of great importance in males.

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Oral cancer is a major contributor to death worldwide. This life-threatening disease still lacks inexpensive screening. Novel strategies for early detection and therapy response are required. Saliva, as “mirror of the body,” reflects body's physiological and pathological state. Saliva is the epitome of a noninvasive, readily available, and easy to collect, transport, and store “biofluid.” Since the emphasis is switching more toward high impact personalized medicine, pioneering “Point-of-care salivary technologies” are being developed. These facilitate biomarker identification, as an alternative to invasive tissue biopsy. The concept that a patient can take a single drop of their own saliva and test it using portable wireless devices like biosensors, actuators, microelectronics, etc., like Oral Fluid NanoSensor Test (OFNASET) for oral cancer detection is being introduced. An upcoming contemporary tool that integrates both therapeutics and diagnostics is “Liquid biopsy.” It is a PCR-based sequencing technique that detects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fragments of tumor DNA shed into the bloodstream by cells undergoing apoptosis or necrosis. This review focuses on promising futuristic salivary technologies, which shall bring breakthroughs in terms of precision and efficiency. Oral physicians and oncologists will have ease in detecting and shaping diagnosis of oral cancer in near decade and beyond.

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Background and Aims: The oral cavity allows for a numerous prospects for personal identification of subjects. Dental profiling, palatoscopy, cheiloscopy had enabled in nailing the suspects in addition to traditional methods like anthropometry, finger prints, blood groups, DNA analysis. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of digitized lip prints, finger prints and combination approach in gender determination in Panchkula population. Method: A total of 500 healthy subjects, (250 females and 250 males) aged 20 to 30 years of both genders were recruited and evaluated. Lip prints were obtained by painting lip stick and using cellotape to take the impression, while finger prints were obtained by fingerprint rolling technique. Scanned images of the obtained lip and finger prints were analyzed according to Suzuki K and Tsuchihashi Y and classification by Cummins and Midlo, respectively, using applications of 'Adobe Photoshop 7' software. Results: Finger print analysis correctly classified gender in 52.6%, but was not statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.117, P = 0.230) Lip print analysis correctly identified gender in 64.8% and was statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.350,P < 0.001). When a combination approach was used, the gender was correctly identified in 65.8% and was statistically significant (Canonical correlation = 0.369,P < 0.001). Conclusion: Although not a 100% accurate method, the combination method was found to be more accurate and thus can be used as a supplementary tool in sex determination.

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Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between mandibular gonial angle and mandibular third molar with the risk of mandibular angle fracture. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 294 orthopantomograms (OPG) of mandibular fracture. The sample was broadly divided into two groups, i.e. angle fracture group and non-angle fracture group. Gonial angle was measured digitally using software IWCR ROCKEY version 3.2 and status of third molar was assessed in the angle fracture group. Results: The mean age of the patients is 30.29 ± 8 years. Out of 294 OPGs, 226 were non-angle fracture and 68 were angle fracture. The mean gonial angle of patients in angle fracture group was 117.91 ± 7.74°, which was 0.9° larger than the non-angle fracture group (mean 117.03 ± 8.43; P = 0.4427). The third molar was present in 88% of angle fractures and 57% were impacted molars. Conclusion: There was no correlation between high gonial angle and mandibular angle fracture. Impacted third molar can be one of the risk factors for mandibular angle fracture.

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Aim: 1) To assess the morphological variation of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) concerning age and gender. 2). To assess the correlation between the gender and morphology of the canal. 3). To assess the correlation between age and length of the canal. Material and Method: This is a retrospective, randomized observational study. The study comprised of 50 CBCT scans of maxilla showing NPC completely. The scans were obtained in the department during the period ranging from December 2018 to June 2019. The patients were in the age range of 15–75 years. Scan of 22 females and 28 males were included in the study. Patient below 15 years of age and NPC pathology or impacted teeth in same region were excluded in the study. The scans were obtained using ICAT17-19 machine and analyzed Vision software. Cone-Beam 3D Imaging machine operating at 120 kvp, 37.07 mAs with 0.25 mm voxel size, and a field of view of 16 × 6 cm maxilla. Results: Nasopalatine canal has 4 different morphological shapes. The most common shape was the cylindrical shape amongst both males and females. The least common shape was found to be hourglass shape with increasing age the length of NPC was found to decrease. The length of the canal was found to be longer in males when compared to females. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of NPC morphology before or during surgical procedures involving the maxilla.

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Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders with abnormal vascular development. Vascular anomalies are classified into vascular tumors and malformations. Vascular malformations are resulted from abnormal vessel development and morphogenesis. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the head and neck accounts to 0.1%, which is persistent, progressive in nature and might represent a lethal benign disease. Here, we present a case report of a 32-year-old female with AVM involving the left side of the face.

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Background: In a developing country like India, where illiteracy is high, tobacco is the leading cause of mortality estimated to have killed hundreds of people. The emergence of tobacco-related diseases is a growing public health problem. The increased risks for diseases like cardiac diseases, lung cancer, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and tuberculosis are shared by both men and women who consume tobacco. One in two males and one in ten females in India use tobacco in some or the other form. A large number of awareness programs are conducted especially in the health institutes regarding ill effects of tobacco, despite which it is observed that the non-teaching staff members working in the same institutes are regularly consuming tobacco. Therefore, this study is being carried out to assess the level of knowledge regarding the same in these people (non-teaching staff members) who mainly belong to the lower socioeconomic group. Aim: To evaluate the level of awareness regarding tobacco consumption among the non-teaching staff members of four health institutes in Hingna. Materials and Methods: The study was interview based using a validated questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions to evaluate the knowledge regarding tobacco consumption among the non-teaching staff members of four health institutes (medical, dental, physiotherapy, and nursing colleges in Hingna). A trained interviewer interviewed one subject at a time in person and the questions were asked in Marathi or Hindi depending on subjects' choice. The study population included 600 non-teaching staff members (300 males and 300 females) irrespective of their age. Results: Out of the total 600 subjects, the number of people who consumed tobacco was 387 of which 175 were females and 212 were males. It was evident from the results of the questionnaire study that even though moderate amount of awareness was present among the non-teaching staff members, they still did not refrain from the use of tobacco. Conclusion: Awareness programs must be undertaken to educate the non-teaching population about the ill effects of tobacco consumption and further studies should be undertaken to evaluate a larger number of people.

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Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic skeletal disorder that occurs due to mutation in the ALPL gene. It is characterized by defective bone and teeth mineralization. Odontohypophosphatasia is the mildest form of HPP that affects only the dental tissues, manifests as early exfoliation of teeth, defective cementum formation, reduced alveolar bone height, and enlarged pulp chamber. We report a case of an 8-year-old female who presented only with dental findings of HPP. HPP was suspected due to reduced serum alkaline phosphatase level, reduced alveolar bone height, and enlarged pulp chamber. The cemental defects were identified by the ground section of the exfoliated tooth and measured using Image J software. Thus, we arrived at the final diagnosis of Odontohypophosphatasia.

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Pleomorphic adenoma is most common benign neoplasm of the major salivary glands that predominantly affects the superficial lobe of the parotid gland and rarely minor salivary glands. These tumors commonly occur in the fourth, fifth and sixth decades with increased predilection towards females and clinically manifests as unilateral, slow growing, firm and painless mass. Their occurrence on the tongue has been very rarely reported in the literature. This case report describes a rarest case of pleomorphic adenoma involving the right dorsolateral surface of tongue in a 28 year old male patient.

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Determining the etiology of the lesions either be in the bone or soft tissues becomes an imperative factor for treating the lesions. Maxillo-mandibular jaw lesions are also affected by many lesions be it odontogenic or nonodontogenic. The appearance of both these lesions can have a varied clinical and radiographic presentation. Therefore, determining the pathogenesis becomes the most imperative criteria for determining the additional investigations and treatment protocol. We hereby are presenting a radiographic finding of association of gubernaculum tract in determining the odontogenic origin lesions.

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Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare variant of ameloblastoma that shows unique features, behavior, and presentation. This article reports a rare case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in a 67-year-old male patient, who presented with a slow-growing, asymptomatic lesion in the anterior mandible which was observed over a period of 4 years. Radiographic findings revealed an ill-defined mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion with displacement of adjacent teeth. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of odontogenic cells in the form of islands separated by dense, fibrous connective tissue stroma compressing the islands. Although the incidence of this variant is very low, a differential diagnosis of the same must be taken into consideration when locally aggressive, chronic swellings of jaw are encountered in routine practice to aid in early diagnosis and in initiating a prompt management.

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Since, there is an increase in the instances of flaunting of the radiation safety rules, dumping of radiation waste, unethical practices both at procuring and reporting of conventional and higher imaging, therefore, setting up of a Dental Radiology Regulatory Board is an unquestionable, undisputed call of the hour. This article draws light on a pertinent concern and stresses upon the need for strong surveillance and standardization.

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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon, benign, asymptomatic, slow-growing tumor with marked predilection for occurrence in the anterior maxilla. It represents 3% of all odontogenic tumors. There are three clinicopathological variants of AOT, namely, follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. This paper describes in detail a rare case of an extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurring in mandible and presenting as gingival growth.

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The Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a rare benign pathology of the head and neck region that tends to mimic a malignancy on account of its aggressive clinical and radiographic features. There are various descriptive terms for this lesion due to the uncertainty of the biologic nature of the lesion, namely: Fibrous Xanthoma, Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pesudosarcoma, Lymphoid Hamartoma, Myoxid Hamartoma, Inflammatory Pseudotumor and Benign Myofibroblastoma. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Pseudotumor occurs throughout the body, most frequently in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal space and lungs, among extra pulmonary lesions 15% accounts for the head and neck region. Most commonly, they are located in the region of the orbit. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor presentation in maxillary sinus is rare and has an invasive potential. We have presented a case report of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor of maxillary sinus, correlating Clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic along with immunohistochemical profile to arrive at a diagnosis, with special emphasis on the disputed nosology of this lesion and the latest therapeutic update.

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