Paget's disease is a chronic, progressive disturbance in bone metabolism characterized by an initial phase of deossification and softening, followed by a bizarre, dysplastic type of reossification not related to functional requirements. .The two processes may take place simultaneously or they may alternate. In early phases of disease, resorption is usually more prominent but in the advanced stages a typical osteogenesis becomes increasingly pronounced, resulting in the progressive enlargement and deformity of affected bones. The etiology is unknown, though recently it has been thought to be related to a slow virus infection. It occurs over 40 years of age with a male preponderance of 3:2. It affects almost all bones and in the jaws, maxilla is more commonly affected than mandible. A few complications of Paget's disease include pathologic fracture, osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma. We report two cases of Paget's disease of bone. One case with unilateral monostotic involvement of maxilla and other with a complete spectrum of the disease affecting all bones. A special point of interest in the first case is osteomyelitis complicating Paget's disease of maxilla.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder in which the fundamental abnormality is neoplastic proliferation of the plasma cells which infiltrate the bone marrow and often other body tissues. It is most commonly seen within the age range of 50-80 years. Men are affected more frequently. Bone pain is the cardinal clinical symptom. Plasma cell dyscrasias affect the jaws relatively infrequently and rarely this is the first sign of the disease. This article describes a rare case of a 45-year-old male who presented with bilateral non-tender gingival (jaw) swellings which were initially diagnosed as gingival or cystic dental pathology. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made histopathologically and supported by further investigations. The patient was treated by chemotherapy with good response clinically. The literature is reviewed with respect to the oral manifestations of MM.

Objectives: Its been long known that clinical appearance of healthy marginal periodontium differs from subject to subject and even different teeth type. Many features are directly genetically determined, others seem to be influenced by size, shape and position. Hence in this study, the relationship between the different teeth type and the thickness of gingiva was examined. Methods : Thirty two systemically healthy patients, devoid of symptoms of destructive periodontal disease (16 males and 16 females) participated in this study. Gingival thickness was assessed in the maxillary and mandibular anteriors by ultrasonographic method (USG). Results: It was observed that thickness of gingiva varied in the central incisor, lateral incisor and canine. Conclusion: It was concluded that thickness of gingiva varies with the different teeth type and USG method assess the gingival thickness accurately and rapidly.

Melanocytic nevi are uncommon lesions of the oral cavity. Most reports are of isolated cases or of a small series of cases. The purpose of this article is to report a case of oral melanocytic nevi and to review the literature. Review of literature revealed that about one third of patients with malignant melanoma had preexisting macular pigmentation present. Therefore, removal of all lesions suspected to be nevi is recommended. Oral lesions are uncommon and usually small that excision seems advisable.

Tertiary syphilis was a serious threat in the early part of the 19th century. With the advent of Penicillin, the incidence of tertiary syphilis has reduced drastically. However, Gummatous ulcers have not become obsolete as shown in the presented case.

The Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC/COC) is a relatively rare developmental odontogenic cyst. It is a pathological entity with certain characteristics of cyst, but also possesses features of a solid neoplasm and its malignant transformation is well documented. The similarity in nomenclature between Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst and Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor often leads to confusion. However, both are distinctly separate pathologic entities. A case of an 11 year old female patient presenting with a slowly progressive painless swelling and multiple missing teeth on right side of maxilla is reported here.

Though supernumerary tooth / teeth, particularly mesiodens are not rare, the condition in which supernumerary teeth occur with one or more congenitally missing teeth in the same or opposite arch, in absence of any syndrome is unusual. Here, we present two such cases - (i) A 11 year old boy with two mesiodens erupted in between permanent maxillary central incisors with a congenitally missing permanent mandibular lateral incisor. (ii) A 48 year old male patient with a mesiodens erupted in between permanent maxillary central incisors with congenitally missing both permanent maxillary lateral incisors and a canine.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a rare, benign, epithelial tumour of odontogenic origin. It comprises 3 % to 7% of all odontogenic tumours. The pathogenesis of the tumour is still unknown. A case of a large adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in a 12 year old female patient causing destruction of almost all the walls of the sinus, its clinical, radiological and histological presentations are reported in this article.

Treacher Collin's syndrome is a rare syndrome that is characterized primarily by defects of the structures derived from first and second branchial arches. It is a group of closely related defects of head and face; often hereditary/ familial in pattern. We report a case of a 20 year old female patient who presented with features of this syndrome.

Gingival enlargements are of many types and vary according to the etiologic factors and pathologic processes that produce them. Though there are many classifications of gingival enlargement, the most practical one is as follows: 1) Inflammatory gingival enlargement 2) Fibrous gingival hyperplasia 3) Combination of inflammatory and fibrous hyperplasia. Gingival hyperplasia is a heterogeneous group of disorder, which appears clinically as diffuse, firm, and massive enlargement of the gingiva covering most of the crown of the teeth. Idiopathic gingival enlargement is a rare condition of undetermined etiology, although some cases have definite hereditary basis. A case of unilateral idiopathic fibrous gingival hyperplasia on left side of both the jaws with severe bone resorption is presented.

Impaction of permanent molars is as such a common condition, but phenomenon of "kissing molars" where occlusal surfaces of impacted molars facing each other is an uncommon radiological finding. A case is presented of "kissing molars" where occlusal surfaces of permanent second and third molars are in close proximity in a patient with ankylosis of TMJ. As such various causes can be linked with this condition but in this case the prime cause for this condition can be considered narrow arch length as patient was having TMJ ankylosis.

Kindler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive skin fragility disorder characterized by blistering in infancy, followed by photosensitivity and progressive poikiloderma ¹ . More than 70 cases have been documented in dermatologic and pediatric journals with little emphasis on dental findings ² . Here we report a 18 year old female patient with Kindler syndrome along with a review of literature.

Histoplasmosis, a rare fungal infection results from inhalation of air borne spores of the organism, Histoplasma Capsulatum. Oral lesions are not common, but when present, they are usually associated with the severe disseminated form of histoplasmosis involving multiple sites with various clinical presentations. An unusual presentation of histoplasmosis as an oral ulcer on the buccal mucosa without any systemic manifestation or any immunosuppression is presented here.